[102]和奥巴马学高端英文表达:100小时口译训练日志0x06 — ScalersTalk成长会 – 持续行动,刻意学习 – ScalersTalk Wonderland

[102]和奥巴马学高端英文表达:100小时口译训练日志0x06

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4.13.jpg

您现在看到的是我推出的口译100小时训练计划日志,这是我在达成了100天写作目标后,推出的一项新行动方案。目前已经有逾60名读者与我共同行动,如果你也心动了,关注ScalersTalk,回复“100小时”加入吧。或者登录网站ScalersTalk.com查看更多信息。

我的100小时计划进展

时间4.12

训练时长4小时

累积时间22.5小时

剩余天数41

练习了几天的外交部长记者会,今天我们来换一个风格,试试奥观海的在联合国的演讲材料。我们之前的练习,是从中到英,这个版本的英文是出自非英语母语译员之手;现在换换英中,从地道的英文切换到中文,体会一下英文里的表达。你会发现,两种语言的不同之处,以及美国总统英文的高大上之处。如果要打比方,出自前者的英文可以说是秀雅庄端婷婷玉立的美女,那来自母语国家的讲话,就是长腿貌美风情万种血脉偾张的大蜜范女神了。

我这么说你是感受不到的,这么做你才能感受一下:

这个演讲在优酷上有视频,点击左下角的查看原文,就可以打开看到。

1.听一段英文,作笔记

2.翻译出来。

就这两步,开始练吧。很多人问我怎么练口译,嗯就这两步,剩下的你开始了就体会到了。

好了进入正题。

====分割线====

Remarks by President Obamain Address to the United Nations General Assembly

奥巴马总统在联合国大会的讲话

United Nations, New York,New York

联合国,纽约州纽约市

September 24, 2013

2013924

Mr. President, Mr. SecretaryGeneral, fellow delegates, ladies and gentlemen:

主席先生,秘书长先生,各位代表,女士们先生们:

//主席是联合国的轮值主席

Each year, we come togetherto reaffirm the founding vision of this institution. For most of recordedhistory, individual aspirations weresubject to the whims of tyrants and empires. Divisions of race and religionand tribe were settled through thesword and the clash of armies. The idea that nations and peoples could cometogether in peace to solve their disputes and advance a common prosperity seemedunimaginable.

//whim: 指的就是突发的一个想法。

还有一个whimsy. What is life without whimsy不为无益之事,何以遣有涯之生。

这段有两个排比的句子,分别用的是subject to…settlethrough。网络的参考译文本段不准确,不是“成为定局”,而是通过……来解决分歧争端。

aspiration,人民的意愿,除了hope,wish之外,还可以用这个

advance a commonprosperity这个在前几天的外长发布会有遇到。

empire帝国,emperor皇帝,君主,empress皇后

the Empress ofChina中国皇后号。中美两国的首次通商是从1784年开始的,担负这次具有历史意义通商的是一艘原在海军服役的帆船,改装后被命名为“中国皇后”号,含有对中国皇室尊重之意。第一这个在中美关系的讲话中经常遇到。

tyrant,暴君tyranny暴政

现在看下中文的版本,如果你再从中文译回去,往往无法做到那样的简洁与明晰。

我们每年都举行会议重申这个机构成立的宗旨。在有历史记载的大部分时期,个人的愿望往往受制于暴君和帝国肆意翻云覆雨的狂热。种族、宗教和部落的四分五裂通过刀光剑影和兵戎相见成为定局(应该是,种族、宗教和部落的分歧通过刀光剑影和兵戎相见解决)。似乎难以想象,国家和人民可以和平共处,解决相互间的分歧,一起促进共同繁荣。

It took the awful carnage of two world wars to shift our thinking. The leaders whobuilt the United Nations were not naïve; they did not think this body could eradicate all wars. But in the wake of millions dead andcontinents in rubble, and with the development of nuclear weapons that couldannihilate a planet, they understood that humanity could not survive the course it was on. And sothey gave us this institution, believing that it could allow us to resolveconflicts, enforce rules of behavior, and build habits of cooperation thatwould grow stronger over time.

//carnage屠杀,类似的单词有massacre, slaughter, genocide

shift our thinking转变想法,不要老想着changeour mind

eradicate all wars.消除战争,eliminate

continents in rubble

in the wake of在……之后,inthe aftermath of带有后果的……之后

survive the course it was on在……路走下去。比如表示这表路很艰难,很多人走不下去时,可以用这个

看中间那句,你会发现英语里的状语非常强大,用了两个并列的状语,再引出主句,奥观海童鞋的很多句子都用了这种方法。

resolve conflicts, enforce rules of behavior注意搭配

我们的观念在经过两次世界大战的血腥历史后才得到改变。参与筹建联合国的各位领导人原来并没有抱任何幻想;他们不认为这个机构可以从此消灭所有的战争。但是,在数百万人丧生,各大洲成为一片瓦砾后,随着可以毁灭整个地球的核武器得到研发(同时人类研制出核武器足以毁灭整个地球),他们懂得,如果在这条道路上走下去,人类就无法继续生存。为此,他们为我们创建了这个机构,相信有助于我们解决冲突,加强行为准则,建立可以长期巩固发展的合作模式。

For decades, the UnitedNations has in fact made a difference — from helping to eradicate disease, toeducating children, to brokering peace.But like every generation of leaders, we face new and profound challenges, andthis body continues to be tested. The question is whether we possess the wisdomand the courage, as nation-statesand members of an international community, to squarely meet those challenges; whether the United Nations can meet the tests of our time.

//made a difference,有影响。09年李开复送给我一本签名的自传《世界因你而不同》,英文就是Making a world of difference,那时他刚刚创立创新工场

brokering peace,作为中间人谈判,斡旋

民族国家(nation-state)是一个特定概念,简单说是一种遵循启蒙理性的国家形态和政权组织,其突出特征在于确定的疆域、独立的主权和强烈的认同感

squarely meet the tests,译文给出的是坚定的,squarely就是直接面对,想一下正方形的样子,直接,还有一个head on。某年温家宝记者会,“迎难而上,知难而进”。费胜潮的版本,You need to take the problems and difficultieshead on

数十年来,联合国的确发挥了作用—例如为消灭疾病,教育儿童和斡旋和平做出了贡献。但是与过去每一代领导人一样,我们面临新的巨大挑战。这个机构继续需要接受考验。问题是,作为民族国家和国际社会成员,我们是否有智慧和勇气坚定地迎接这些挑战;联合国是否能经受我们时代的检验。

For much of my tenure as President, some of our most urgentchallenges have revolved around anincreasingly integrated global economy,and our efforts to recover from the worsteconomic crisis of our lifetime. Now, five years after the global economycollapsed, and thanks to coordinated efforts by the countries here today, jobsare being created, global financial systems have stabilized, and people areonce again being lifted out of poverty.But this progress is fragile and unequal, and we still have work to do togetherto assure that our citizens can access the opportunities that they need to thrive in the 21st century.

// tenure asPresident,任期。听过有句话叫“长期短期,就看任期”,我给一个版本,long term, short term, tenure is the best term

revolved,围绕,绕……前面出现过两次围绕,围绕这一话题,一次用的介词on,一次用的focus

integrated global economy,全球经济一体化,前面也提到过亚太经济一体化Asia-Pacificeconomic integration

lifted out ofpoverty脱离贫困,不要光想着get rid of…

人与社会的发展,也可以用thrive,除了develop之外

在我担任总统的大部分时期,我们面临的一些最紧迫的挑战关系到日益一体化的全球经济,涉及我们努力从我们有生以来最严重的经济危机中复苏的工作。现在,全球经济受到重创5年后,由于今天与会各国相互协调,工作岗位正在增加,全球金融体系已经实现稳定,人们再一次逐步摆脱贫困。然而,已取得的进步仍然脆弱和不平衡。我们仍然必须共同努力,保证我们的公民们能够获得他们需要的机会在21世纪实现兴旺发达。

Together, we’ve also workedto end a decade of war. Five years ago, nearly 180,000 Americans were servingin harm’s way, and the war in Iraq was the dominant issue in our relationshipwith the rest of the world. Today, all of our troops have left Iraq. Next year,an international coalition will end its war in Afghanistan, having achieved itsmission of dismantling the core ofal Qaeda that attacked us on 9/11.

//worked to, makeefforts to, spend time to…我把这些称作为一些助跑性质的动词,就像在跳远前把步法调整好。在看着笔记的内容,可以用这些词垫一把,后面接笔记中的内容。

最近负能量比较大,来复习几个我高中时学过的关于摧毁的词:

destruct, annihilate,dismantle, exterminate这个就是直接摧毁,废掉还有一个看似弱小的ruin……

eradicate, eliminate这是复习了哈

我们还共同努力结束了经历10年之久的战争。5年前,近180,000美国人不避危难奔赴疆场,伊拉克的战争在我们与世界其他国家的关系中成为压倒一切的问题。今天,我国所有的军队已经撤离伊拉克。明年,在摧毁了对我们发动9/11袭击的“基地”(al Qaeda)组织核心力量后,国际联盟将结束在阿富汗的战争。

For the United States, thesenew circumstances have also meant shiftingaway from a perpetual war footing. Beyond bringing our troops home, we havelimited the use of drones so they target only those who pose a continuing, imminent threat to theUnited States where capture is not feasible, and there is a near certainty of no civilian casualties. We’re transferringdetainees to other countries and tryingterrorists in courts of law, while working diligently to close the prisonat Guantanamo Bay. And just as we reviewed how we deploy our extraordinarymilitary capabilities in a way that lives up to our ideals, we’ve begun toreview the way that we gather intelligence, so that we properly balance thelegitimate security concerns of our citizens and allies with the privacyconcerns that all people share.

//这段英文真是非常高大上。基本上没有简单句,都是高级的表达。而且观海童鞋喜欢在句子里挂载额外的信息,为了表达出更丰富的意思,这些挂载(让我想到了linux里的mount命令了……)通过从句介词等方式表现出来。

shifting away from a perpetual war footing//footing有关系的含义,这个关系意味着某种其他东西的基础,强调了这一层含义。其他的用法有equal footing,还有level playing field

continuing, imminent threat//lasting and pressing

there is a near certainty of (no)//这种用法比possible什么的更正式一些

trying terrorists in courts of law

And just as wereviewed how we deploy our extraordinary military capabilities in a way thatlives up to our ideals,//拿这个举例,in a way后面的信息就是明显在加挂,夸奖一下自己。让我想到小时候和家人去菜市场买肉,屠夫就经常给你买的肉里搭一些其他的边角料,我们叫“搭杂”。老奥比较喜欢干这事……

对美国而言,这些新的情况已经意味着脱离常年征战的状态。除了撤回我国军队外,我们已限制无人机的使用,只在没有可能实施抓捕及基本上完全确定不会伤害平民的情况下用于抗击对美国构成的持续迫在眉睫的威胁。我们正在向其他国家引渡在押人员,在法庭审判恐怖主义分子,同时积极努力关闭关塔那摩湾的监狱。正如我们考虑如何部署我国非凡的军事力量才能符合我们的理念一样,我们已开始审议我们搜集情报的方式,从而可以使我们适当地平衡我国公民和盟友在安全方面的合理关注及所有的人共同的隐私问题。

As a result of this work,and cooperation with allies and partners, the world is more stable than it wasfive years ago. But even a glance at today’s headlines indicates that dangersremain. In Kenya, we’ve seen terrorists target innocent civilians in a crowdedshopping mall, and our hearts go out to thefamilies of those who have been affected. In Pakistan, nearly 100 people wererecently killed by suicide bombersoutside a church. In Iraq, killings and carbombs continue to be a terrible part of life. And meanwhile, al Qaeda hassplintered into regional networks and militias, which doesn’t give them the capacity at thispoint to carry out attacks like 9/11, but does pose serious threats to governments anddiplomats, businesses and civilians all across the globe.

//这里是英语考试作文的路数。主题句加例子

But even a glanceat today’s headlines indicates that dangers remain.这句很有文采,可以拿去用

suicide bomberscarbombs如果你听BBC你每天都能听到这些字眼

splintered into碎片,分散

our hearts go outto……对……表示同情慰问,看场景选择动词

doesn’t give……doespose……这句式也常见,先否定,再肯定

由于进行了这方面的工作以及与盟国和伙伴方的合作,全世界比5年前更稳定。但是只要浏览一些今天的新闻大标题就可以知道,危险依然存在。在肯尼亚,我们看到恐怖主义分子在拥挤的购物商场内对无辜平民下手。我们向遇袭人员的家人表示慰问。在巴基斯坦,最近有将近100人在教堂外被自杀式爆炸杀害。在伊拉克,杀人害命和汽车炸弹仍然是生活中常见的可怕景象。与此同时,“基地”组织已溃散成地区性乌合之众和散兵游勇,目前没有能力发动类似9/11的袭击,但是仍然对全球各地的政府及外交人员、工商业和平民构成严重威胁。

Just as significantly, theconvulsions in the Middle East and North Africa have laid bare deep divisions within societies, as an old order is upended and people grapple with what comes next.Peaceful movements have too often been answered by violence — from thoseresisting change and from extremists trying to hijack change. Sectarianconflict has reemerged. And thepotential spread of weapons of mass destruction continues to cast a shadow overthe pursuit of peace.

// laid bare deep divisionsbare有无遮掩的,也即很严重的意思

Convulsions

cast a shadow over the pursuit of peace//cast a shadow这个用法很好。

upend,上下颠倒,subversive

grapple格斗

Peaceful movementshave too often been answered by violence — from those resisting change andfrom extremists trying to hijack change. 这是一个好的表达,可以尝试一下表达类似的意思,XX的诉求通常被以暴力/冷酷/冷淡/拒绝作回应,来自那些利益集团/高傲的群体……

同样重要的是,在旧秩序被颠覆和人们需要把握随后出现的局面之际(我认为应该是,人们为未来道路争斗不已),中东和北非的动荡暴露了社会内部的严重分裂。和平运动往往遇到有人以暴力作出的回应——来自那些抵制变革的人,来自企图劫持变革的极端主义分子。宗派冲突死灰复燃。大规模毁灭性武器可能扩散的阴影继续笼罩在争取和平事业的上空。

Nowhere have we seen thesetrends converge more powerfully thanin Syria. There, peaceful protests against an authoritarian regime were metwith repression and slaughter. In the face of such carnage, many retreated totheir sectarian identity — Alawite and Sunni; Christian and Kurd — and thesituation spiraled into civil war.

//这里开始真正的切入主题,那就是叙利亚。

trends converge,汇聚,收敛,divergence分歧

Alawite and Sunni;Christian and Kurd这个比较有难度,如果不了解背景基本上就能听个Christian出来了。阿拉维和逊尼派,基督教和库尔德人。这个我也不太懂……后期整理出来了我再写吧

were met with,前面是answeredby这两个放在一组,意思差不多

spiraled into civil war//表示很快速的演进

我们看到,这些趋势在叙利亚的汇聚比其他任何地方都强烈。在那里,反对专制政权的和平示威遭遇以镇压和屠杀做出的回应。面对如此血腥的大屠杀,很多人退守到宗教派系的旗帜下——阿拉维派和逊尼派、基督教和库尔德——局势急剧演变成国内战争。

The international community recognized the stakes early on, butour response has not matched the scaleof the challenge. Aid cannot keeppace with the suffering of the wounded and displaced. A peace process is stillborn. America and others haveworked to bolster the moderate opposition, but extremist groups have still taken root to exploit the crisis.Assad’s traditional allies have propped him up, citing principles of sovereigntyto shield his regime. And on August 21st, the regime used chemical weapons inan attack that killed more than 1,000 people, including hundreds of children.

//recognized the stakes early on

not matched the scale ofcannotkeep pace with

stillborn胎死腹中

国际社会很早就认识到其中的利害关系,但是我们做出的反应未能达到应对挑战需要达到的规模。提供的援助未能达到为伤残者和流离失所者解除痛苦的程度。和平进程胎死腹中。美国和其他各方努力支持温和的反对派,但极端主义团伙仍然横行一方,利用危机趁火打劫。阿萨德得到传统盟国撑腰,以主权原则为借口希望保住自己政权。821日,该政权使用化学武器发动袭击,杀害了1,000多人,其中包括数百名儿童。

===相关知识===

相关知识

联合国安理会轮值主席职能

20101月,中国将担任联合国安全理事会(简称安理会)轮值主席。中国上一次担任安理会轮值主席是200810月。 

  联合国安理会由5个常任理事国和10个非常任理事国组成。《联合国宪章》规定,中国、法国、俄罗斯、英国和美国为常任理事国。非常任理事国按地区分配原则选出,任期两年,每年改选5个。

  安理会主席一职由安理会常任理事国和非常任理事国按其国名英文字母顺序轮流担任,任期一个月。其主要职能是:加强与安理会其他理事国、联合国广大会员国及秘书处的合作;保持与联合国大会等联合国主要机构的沟通,确保安理会工作方法公正、民主、透明;在处理一些争议较大的问题时,发挥主席的协调作用,争取达成协商一致,以维护安理会的团结。

  安理会主席具体职责包括:主持安理会的正式及非正式会议;与安理会理事国及其他希望将有关事务提交安理会讨论的联合国成员国进行磋商;代表安理会向媒体发表讲话,以传达安理会全体成员就某一问题达成的共识;在专门会议或研讨会上代表安理会发言。

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