[147]柳宗元:梓人传(3) — ScalersTalk成长会 – 持续行动,刻意学习 – ScalersTalk Wonderland

[147]柳宗元:梓人传(3)

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相道既得,万国既理,天下举首而望曰:「吾相之功也!」后之人循迹而慕曰:「彼相之才也!」士或谈殷、周之理者,曰:「伊、傅、周、召。」其百执事之勤劳,而不得纪焉;犹梓人自名其功,而执用者不列也。大哉相乎!通是道者,所谓相而已矣。

Since the way to be a Prime Minister is well handled and the country is enjoying peace, the people will raise their heads towards the capital and say with admiration, “Credit should be given to the Prime Minister!” The future generations will follow their forefathers and say respectfully, “This is due to the ability of the Prime Minister!” When scholars talk about peace and order in the country during the times of Yin and Zhou, they would invariably give credit to Yi Yin, Fu Yue, Duke of Zhou, and Duke of Zhao. Nevertheless, those who worked hard and did the practical work did not have their names recorded in history. This is just like what the house builder does. He only mentions his own meritorious deeds and leaves those who did the practical work unknown. Ah! How great the Prime Minister is! The one who is well versed in this way of behaving is in fact the Prime Minister!

做宰相的方法真正掌握好了,全国各地真正治理好了,天下的人就会抬头仰望着说:“这是我们宰相的功劳啊!”后人也会根据史书记载的时事迹:“这是那个宰相的才能啊!”

其不知体要者反此;以恪勤为公,以簿书为尊,炫能矜名,亲小劳,侵众官,窃取六职、百役之事,听听于府庭,而遗其大者远者焉,所谓不通是道者也。犹梓人而不知绳墨之曲直,规矩之方圆,寻引之短长,姑夺众工之斧斤刀锯以佐其艺,又不能备其工,以至败绩,用而无所成也,不亦谬欤!

Those who do not know the essentials of things are contrary to the Prime Minister mentioned above. They work painstakingly and think that they are serving the public heart and soul. They think that to be engrossed in detailed work is important. They take pride in their ability and boast about their reputation. They do trivial things, encroach on the rights of other officials, put everything under their charge, argue noisily in the government offices and at court, thus neglecting matters of vital importance. They do not know the way of governing. They are like a house builder who does not know how to use a carpenter’s ink marker to make a distinction between a crooked line and a straight line, to use a compass and a carpenter’s square to draw a square and a circle, and to use a measuring rule to measure the length. He takes over the axes, knives, and saws from other workers and helps them do the work, but fails to get the work accomplished. He exerts all his efforts in vain. Isn’t it absurd?

那些不知道全局要领的人却与此相反。(他们)以谨小慎微,忙忙碌碌为大事,以抄写官署中的文书,薄册为重责,夸耀自己的才能,自尊自大,亲自去做那些微小琐碎的事情,干涉众官的工作,侵夺部下官吏应做的事拿来自己做,并洋洋得意地在相府夸耀自己,却丢掉了那些重大的,长远的事情。这是所说的不懂得做宰相的道理的人。这就象梓人不懂得绳墨可正曲直,规矩可画方圆,寻引可量短长,暂且夺取工匠们的斧子刀锯来帮助他们发挥技艺,却又不能完成他们的工作,以至于事情失败,使用了(他们)却没有成功一样。这不也是错误的吗?

或曰:「彼主为室者,傥或发其私智,牵制梓人之虑,夺其世守,而道谋是用。虽不能成功,岂其罪耶?亦在任之而已!

Someone might say, “A man who wants to have a house built might have his own design, which is unlike that of the house builder. He disregards the rich experiences of the house builder and listens to the ideas of any passerby. Therefore, no house is built in the end. Is the house builder to blame ? The crucial point is whether the man who wants to have a house built trusts the house builder.”

有人说:“如果房子的主人,依凭他的知识,而干涉木匠师傅的规划,不采用师傅世代相传的悠久经验,导致房子垮了,难道是木匠师傅的过错吗?哪是因为主人不信任木工师傅的才造成的呀!”

余曰:「不然!夫绳墨诚陈,规矩诚设,高者不可抑而下也,狭者不可张而广也。由我则固,不由我则圮pǐ。彼将乐去固而就圮也,则卷其术,默其智,悠尔而去。不屈吾道,是诚良梓人耳!其或嗜其货利,忍而不能舍也,丧其制量,屈而不能守也,栋桡ráo屋坏,则曰:『非我罪也』!可乎哉?可乎哉?」

I am of a different opinion. If the design has been completed and the measurements have been done, then the tallness cannot be shortened, the narrowness cannot be widened. If the house is to be constructed according to this design of mine, it is bound to be firm. Otherwise it will collapse. If the man who wants to have a house built is willing to see the house fall down as a result of persisting in his own design, then I will keep back my skill, hoard up my wisdom, and go far away from him. I will not give up my principle. This is what a real house builder is like! If a house builder is covetous of the money of the man who wants to have a house built and succumbs to the latter’s wrong design instead of quitting the job. He yields to the pressure at the sacrifice of his own idea. When the beam breaks and the house collapses, he cries, “It’s not my fault. I am not to blame.” How can he say that? How can he say that?

我说:“不是这样!因为绳子、墨汁、圆规和尺的测量都很明确,高的地方不能随意变低,狭小的不能随意扩大。如果按照我的计画,房子就很坚固,反之不按照我的设计图,房子就会倾倒。如果主人甘于房舍不坚而易坍塌,木匠师傅只好带着自己的技术和智慧,欣然离去。坚持自己的主张,不妥协,才是真正的好木匠师傅呀!反之,如果贪图钱财,容忍主人的干涉,不愿意离去,不坚持房子的建筑原则,有一天,栋住或横梁歪了,房子倾倒了,木匠师傅就推卸说:‘这不是我的过错呀!’可以这样吗?可以这样吗?”

余谓梓人之道类于相,故书而藏之。梓人,盖古之审曲面势者,今谓之「都料匠」云。余所遇者,杨氏,潜其名。

I think the way the Prime Minister governs the country is similar to the way the house builder builds the house. So I write it down. In old times the house builder was a carpenter who investigated the crookedness and straightness of all kinds of timber. Now this kind of carpenter is called “Duliaojiang”. The surname of the house builder I met is Yang and his given name is Qian.

我认为:因为木匠师傅之道与宰相之道很类似,所以特别写下来,然后收藏起来。在古代,木匠师傅又称呼为:“审曲面势”的人,在今天,则被称为:“监督建筑之人”。我所遇到的这位木匠师傅,他姓名是杨潜。

@金妞妞

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